Lab 6 - Voltage Dividers, CdS, and PIR Sensors

CLASSWORK:
Simple PIR Sensor
const int LED=9;//The LED is connected to pin 9
const int PIR=2;//The PIR is connected to pin 2
void setup()
{
 pinMode (LED, OUTPUT);
 pinMode (PIR, INPUT);
 Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop()
{
 if (digitalRead(PIR) == LOW)
 {
 Serial.println("OFF");
 delay(500);
 digitalWrite(LED, LOW);
 }
 if (digitalRead(PIR) == HIGH)
 {
 Serial.println("ON");
 delay(500);
 }

}

Automatic Night Light with RGB LED and PIR Sensor
//Automatic Nightlight 

const int RLED=9; //Red LED on pin 9 (PWM) 
const int LIGHT=0; //Lght Sensor on analog pin 0 
const int MIN_LIGHT=200; //Minimum expected light value 
const int MAX_LIGHT=900; //Maximum Expected Light value 
int val = 0; //variable to hold the analog reading 

void setup() { 
 pinMode(RLED, OUTPUT); //Set LED pin as output 
} 

void loop() { 
 val = analogRead(LIGHT); //Read the light sensor 
 val = map(val, MIN_LIGHT, MAX_LIGHT, 255, 0); //Map the light reading 
 val = constrain(val, 0, 255); //Constrain light value 
 analogWrite(RLED, val); //Control the LED 
}

HOMEWORK:
Photoresistor Controls LED & Speaker
int SPEAKER_1=9;
int SPEAKER_2=8;
int SPEAKER_3=7;
int SPEAKER_4=6;
const int RLED=10;//Red LED on pin 10 (PWM)
const int GLED=11;
const int LASER_1=12;
const int LASER_2=13;
const int LIGHT=A0;//Light Sensor on analog pin 0
const int LIGHT_2=A1;
const int MIN_LIGHT=150; //Minimum expected light value
const int MAX_LIGHT=600;//Maximum Expected Light value
const int MIN_LIGHT_2=150;
const int MAX_LIGHT_2=600;
const int MIN_LIGHT_3=150;
const int MAX_LIGHT_3=600;
const int MIN_LIGHT_4=150;
const int MAX_LIGHT_4=600;
int val = 0; //variable to hold the analog reading
int val_2 = 0;
int val_3 = 0;
int val_4 = 0;
void setup()
{
 pinMode(RLED, OUTPUT); //Set LED pin as output
 pinMode(GLED, OUTPUT);
 pinMode(LIGHT, INPUT);//Set Photoresistor as input
 pinMode(LIGHT_2,INPUT);
 Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop()
{
 val = analogRead(LIGHT); //Read the light sensor
 val = map(val, MIN_LIGHT, MAX_LIGHT, 255,0 );//Map the light reading
 val = constrain(val, 0, 255); //Constrain light value
 analogWrite(RLED, val); //Control the LED
 Serial.println(val);
 delay(500);
    if(val > 150)
    {
    tone(SPEAKER_1, 1500,500);
    //digitalWrite(RGB_LED. HIGH)
    delay(500);

    }
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
{
 val_2 = analogRead(LIGHT_2); //Read the light sensor
 val_2 = map(val_2, MIN_LIGHT_2, MAX_LIGHT_2, 255,0 );//Map the light reading
 val_2 = constrain(val_2, 0, 255); //Constrain light value
 analogWrite(GLED, val_2); //Control the LED
 //digitalWrite(GLED, HIGH);
 Serial.println(val_2);
 delay(500);
    if(val_2 > 140)
     {
      tone(SPEAKER_2, 1500,500);
    delay(500);
     }
  }
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 {
 val_3 = analogRead(LASER_1); //Read the light sensor
 val_3 = map(val_3, MIN_LIGHT_3, MAX_LIGHT_3, 255,0 );//Map the light reading
 val_3 = constrain(val_3, 0, 255); //Constrain light value
 analogWrite(LASER_1, val_3); //Control the LED
 //digitalWrite(GLED, HIGH);
 Serial.println(val_3);
 delay(500);
    if(val_3 > 140)
     {
      tone(SPEAKER_3, 1500,500);
    delay(500);
     }
  }
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   {
 val_4 = analogRead(LASER_2); //Read the light sensor
 val_4 = map(val_3, MIN_LIGHT_4, MAX_LIGHT_4, 255,0 );//Map the light reading
 val_4 = constrain(val_4, 0, 255); //Constrain light value
 analogWrite(LASER_2, val_4); //Control the LED
 //digitalWrite(GLED, HIGH);
 Serial.println(val_4);
 delay(500);
    if(val_4 > 140)
     {
      tone(SPEAKER_4, 1500,500);
    delay(500);
     }
  }

}

Day 6 - Functions and Modularity

CLASSWORK:
Beehive function
int beehive(double a,double b,double c, double d)
{
int count = 0;
if (a > b)
count ++;
if (b<c)
count ++;
if (d>a)
count ++;
if (a<c)
count ++;
else
count ++;
Return count;
}
HOMEWORK:
Great Circle Distance b/w Two Points in the Northern Hemisphere
/*––––––––––––––––––––â€*/
/*  This program determines the distance between two points    */
/*  that are specified with latitude and longitude values      */
/*  that are in the Northern Hemisphere.                       */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#define PI 3.141593
int main(void)
{
/*  Declare variables and function prototype.  */
double lat1, long1, lat2, long2;
double gc_distance(double lat1,double long1, 
double lat2,double long2);
/*  Get locations of two points.  */
printf("Enter latitude north and longitude west ");
printf("for location 1: \n");
scanf("%lf %lf",&lat1,&long1);
printf("Enter latitude north and longitude west ");
printf("for location 2: \n");
scanf("%lf %lf",&lat2,&long2);
/*  Print great circle distance.  */
printf("Great Circle Distance: %.0f miles \n",
gc_distance(lat1,long1,lat2,long2));
/*  Exit program.  */
return 0;
}
/*–––––––––––––––––––––––*/
/*  This function computes the distance between two            */
/*  points using great circle distances.                       */
double gc_distance(double lat1,double long1, 
double lat2,double long2)
{
/*  Declare variables.  */
double rho, phi, theta, gamma, dot, dist1, dist2,x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2;
/*  Convert latitude,longitude to rectangular coordinates.  */
rho = 3960;
phi = (90 - lat1)*(PI/180.0);
theta = (360 - long1)*(PI/180.0);
x1 = rho*sin(phi)*cos(theta);
y1 = rho*sin(phi)*sin(theta);
z1 = rho*cos(phi);
phi = (90 - lat2)*(PI/180.0);
theta = (360 - long2)*(PI/180.0);
x2 = rho*sin(phi)*cos(theta);
y2 = rho*sin(phi)*sin(theta);
z2 = rho*cos(phi);
/*  Compute angle between vectors.  */
dot = x1*x2 + y1*y2 + z1*z2;
dist1 = sqrt(x1*x1 + y1*y1 + z1*z1);
dist2 = sqrt(x2*x2 + y2*y2 + z2*z2);
gamma = acos(dot/(dist1*dist2));
/*  Compute and return great circle distance.  */
return gamma*rho;
}

Lab 9 - Sweeping Distance Sensor

CLASSWORK/ HOMEWORK:
Sweeping Servo 2.0
//Sweeping Distance Sensor
#include <Servo.h>
  const int SERVO =9;
  const int IR    =0;
  const int LED1  =3;
  const int LED2  =5;
  const int LED3  =6;
  const int LED4  =11;
  int LEDonTime   =50;
  int ServoSpeed  =100;
Servo myServo;
int dist1 = 0;
int dist2 = 0;
int dist3 = 0;
int dist4 = 0;
void setup() 
{
    myServo.attach(SERVO);
    pinMode(LED1, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(LED2, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(LED3, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(LED4, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() 
{
  //Sweep the Servo into 4 regions and change the LEDs
  dist1 = readDistance(78);
  analogWrite(LED1, dist1);
  delay(LEDonTime);

  dist2 = readDistance(82);
  analogWrite(LED2, dist2);
  delay(LEDonTime);

  dist3 = readDistance(86);
  analogWrite(LED3, dist3);
  delay(LEDonTime);

  dist4 = readDistance(90);
  analogWrite(LED4, dist4);
  delay(LEDonTime);
}
int readDistance(int pos)
{
  myServo.write(pos);
  delay(ServoSpeed);
  int dist = analogRead(IR);
  dist = map(dist, 50, 500, 0, 255);
  dist = constrain(dist, 0, 255);
  return dist;

}

Lab 8 - Part 2: Sound and Arrays

CLASSWORK:
Song on a Speaker with pitches.h and Arrays
//Plays a song on a speaker
#include "pitches.h" //Header file with pitch definitions
const int SPEAKER=10; //Speaker Pin
//Note Array
int notes[] = { NOTE_A4, NOTE_E3, NOTE_A4, 0, NOTE_A4, NOTE_E3,
NOTE_A4, 0,NOTE_E4, NOTE_D4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_B4, NOTE_A4, NOTE_B4,
NOTE_C4, NOTE_D4,NOTE_E4, NOTE_E3, NOTE_A4, 0 };
//The Duration of each note (in ms)
int times[] = { 250, 250, 250, 250, 250, 250, 250, 250,
125, 125, 125, 125, 125, 125, 125, 125,
250, 250, 250, 250 };
void setup()
{
//Play each note for the right duration
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
{
 tone(SPEAKER, notes[i], times[i]);
 delay(times[i]);
}
}
void loop()
{
//Press the Reset button to play again.

}

Pitches.h Header file
/*************************************************
 * Public Constants
 *************************************************/

#define NOTE_B0  31
#define NOTE_C1  33
#define NOTE_CS1 35
#define NOTE_D1  37
#define NOTE_DS1 39
#define NOTE_E1  41
#define NOTE_F1  44
#define NOTE_FS1 46
#define NOTE_G1  49
#define NOTE_GS1 52
#define NOTE_A1  55
#define NOTE_AS1 58
#define NOTE_B1  62
#define NOTE_C2  65
#define NOTE_CS2 69
#define NOTE_D2  73
#define NOTE_DS2 78
#define NOTE_E2  82
#define NOTE_F2  87
#define NOTE_FS2 93
#define NOTE_G2  98
#define NOTE_GS2 104
#define NOTE_A2  110
#define NOTE_AS2 117
#define NOTE_B2  123
#define NOTE_C3  131
#define NOTE_CS3 139
#define NOTE_D3  147
#define NOTE_DS3 156
#define NOTE_E3  165
#define NOTE_F3  175
#define NOTE_FS3 185
#define NOTE_G3  196
#define NOTE_GS3 208
#define NOTE_A3  220
#define NOTE_AS3 233
#define NOTE_B3  247
#define NOTE_C4  262
#define NOTE_CS4 277
#define NOTE_D4  294
#define NOTE_DS4 311
#define NOTE_E4  330
#define NOTE_F4  349
#define NOTE_FS4 370
#define NOTE_G4  392
#define NOTE_GS4 415
#define NOTE_A4  440
#define NOTE_AS4 466
#define NOTE_B4  494
#define NOTE_C5  523
#define NOTE_CS5 554
#define NOTE_D5  587
#define NOTE_DS5 622
#define NOTE_E5  659
#define NOTE_F5  698
#define NOTE_FS5 740
#define NOTE_G5  784
#define NOTE_GS5 831
#define NOTE_A5  880
#define NOTE_AS5 932
#define NOTE_B5  988
#define NOTE_C6  1047
#define NOTE_CS6 1109
#define NOTE_D6  1175
#define NOTE_DS6 1245
#define NOTE_E6  1319
#define NOTE_F6  1397
#define NOTE_FS6 1480
#define NOTE_G6  1568
#define NOTE_GS6 1661
#define NOTE_A6  1760
#define NOTE_AS6 1865
#define NOTE_B6  1976
#define NOTE_C7  2093
#define NOTE_CS7 2217
#define NOTE_D7  2349
#define NOTE_DS7 2489
#define NOTE_E7  2637
#define NOTE_F7  2794
#define NOTE_FS7 2960
#define NOTE_G7  3136
#define NOTE_GS7 3322
#define NOTE_A7  3520
#define NOTE_AS7 3729
#define NOTE_B7  3951
#define NOTE_C8  4186
#define NOTE_CS8 4435
#define NOTE_D8  4699

#define NOTE_DS8 4978

Lab 8 - Part 1: Servos and Voltage Regulators

CLASSWORK:
Single Servo POT Control
//Servo Potentiometer Control
#include <Servo.h>
const int SERVO=9; //Servo on Pin 9
const int POT=2; //POT on Analog Pin 0
Servo myServo; 
void setup()
{
 myServo.attach(SERVO);
 Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop()
{
 int val = digitalRead(POT); //Read Pot
 val = map(val, 0, 1, 0, 179); //scale it to servo range
 Serial.println(val);
 delay(500);
 if (val==179)
 {
  myServo.write(val); //sets the servo
 delay(15); //waits for the servo
 }

}

HOMEWORK:
Single Servo Control with PIR Sensor
//Servo PIR Control
#include <Servo.h>
const int SERVO=9; //Servo on Pin 9
const int PIR=2; //POT on Digital Pin 2
Servo myServo; 
void setup()
{
 myServo.attach(SERVO);
 Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop()
{
 int val = digitalRead(PIR); //Read Pot
 val = map(val, 0, 1, 0, 179); //scale it to servo range
 Serial.println(val);
 delay(500);
 if (val>=178)
 {
  myServo.write(133); //sets the servo
  delay(15); //waits for the servo
 }
 else
 {
  myServo.write(37);
  delay(15);
 }
}

Day 8 - Intro to Data Structures: One Dimensional Arrays

CLASSWORK:
Maximum Value within a 1D Array
/*–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––*/ 
/* This program defines an array and */
/* determines the maximum value with a function. */
#include <stdio.h>
#define N 10 
int main(void) { 
/* Declare variables and function prototype. */ 
int k=0, npts = N; 
double y[N]= {9,7,3,2,5,5,1,7,4,8}; 
double max(double x[],int n); 
/* Find and print the maximum value. */ 
printf("Maximum value: %f \n",max(y,npts)); 
/* Exit program. */ 
return 0; 
} 

/*––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––-*/ 
/* This function returns the maximum value in an array x with n elements. */ 
double max(double x[],int n) { 
/* Declare variables. */ 
int k; 
double max_x; 
/* Determine maximum value in the array. */ 
max_x = x[0]; 
for (k=1; k<=n-1; k++) 
if (x[k] > max_x) max_x = x[k]; 
/* Return maximum value. */ 
return max_x; 
}

HOMEWORK:
Assume that we have defined the following variables:
int k=6; 
double data[]={1.5,3.2,-6.1,9.8,8.7,5.2}; 

Using the max function presented in this section, give the value of each of the following expressions:

1. max(data,6); 
2. max(data,5); 
3. max(data,k-3); 
4. max(data,k%5);

1. This statement means that we must return the maximum value from the first six numbers in the data array. Therefore, the answer is 9.8.

2. This statement means that we must return the maximum value from the first five numbers in the data array. Therefore, the answer is 9.8.

3. Since k=6, we will look at the first k-3= 6 elements in the data array. Therefore, the maximum value is 3.2.

4. Since k%5= 1, we will only look at the first element in the data array. Therefore, the maximum value is 1.5.

Lab 7 - Introduction to Making Sounds

CLASSWORK:
Simple Speaker Tone
//Specify digital pin on the Arduino that the positive lead of the //speaker is attached. 

int speakerPin = 9; 
void setup() { 
}//close setup 

void loop() { 
 /*Tone needs 2 arguments, but can take three 1) Pin# 2) Frequency - this is in hertz (cycles per second) which determines the pitch of the noise made 3) Duration - how long the tone plays */ 

 tone(speakerPin, 1000, 500); 
 delay(1000); 
} 

HOMEWORK:
Surprise Song using pitches.h
/*
 Darude - Sandstorm

 (c) Jordi Agricola 2014

 Speaker on port 8

 */
 #include "pitches.h"

// notes in the melody:

// note durations: 4 = quarter note, 8 = eighth note, etc.:

 int shortTone = 80;
 int longTone = 200;
 int standardDelay = 50;
 int delayBetweenBars = 50;

void setup() {

}

void loop() {
   tone(8,  NOTE_B3, shortTone);
 delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);
 tone(8,  NOTE_B3, shortTone);
   delay(shortTone);
  noTone(8);
  delay(standardDelay);
tone(8,  NOTE_B3, shortTone);
  delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);
 tone(8,  NOTE_B3, shortTone);
 delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
  delay(standardDelay);
tone(8,  NOTE_B3, longTone);
 delay(longTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(delayBetweenBars);

    tone(8,  NOTE_B3, shortTone);
 delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);
 tone(8,NOTE_B3, shortTone);
 delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);
 tone(8,  NOTE_B3, shortTone);
 delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);
 tone(8,  NOTE_B3, shortTone);
   delay(shortTone);
  noTone(8);
  delay(standardDelay);
tone(8,  NOTE_B3, shortTone);
  delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);
 tone(8,  NOTE_B3, shortTone);
 delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
  delay(standardDelay);
tone(8,  NOTE_B3, longTone);
 delay(longTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);

     tone(8,  NOTE_E4, shortTone);
 delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);
 tone(8,NOTE_E4, shortTone);
 delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);
 tone(8,  NOTE_E4, shortTone);
 delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);
 tone(8,  NOTE_E4, shortTone);
   delay(shortTone);
  noTone(8);
  delay(standardDelay);
tone(8,  NOTE_E4, shortTone);
  delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);
 tone(8,  NOTE_E4, shortTone);
 delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
  delay(standardDelay);
tone(8,  NOTE_E4, longTone);
 delay(longTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);


     tone(8,  NOTE_D4, shortTone);
 delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);
 tone(8,NOTE_D4, shortTone);
 delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);
 tone(8,  NOTE_D4, shortTone);
 delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);
 tone(8,  NOTE_D4, shortTone);
   delay(shortTone);
  noTone(8);
  delay(standardDelay);
tone(8,  NOTE_D4, shortTone);
  delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);
 tone(8,  NOTE_D4, shortTone);
 delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
  delay(standardDelay);
tone(8,  NOTE_D4, longTone);
 delay(longTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);

tone(8, NOTE_A3, longTone);
delay(longTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);

 tone(8,  NOTE_B3, shortTone);
 delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);
 tone(8,  NOTE_B3, shortTone);
   delay(shortTone);
  noTone(8);
  delay(standardDelay);
tone(8,  NOTE_B3, shortTone);
  delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);
 tone(8,  NOTE_B3, shortTone);
 delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
  delay(standardDelay);
tone(8,  NOTE_B3, longTone);
 delay(longTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(delayBetweenBars);

    tone(8,  NOTE_B3, shortTone);
 delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);
 tone(8,NOTE_B3, shortTone);
 delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);
 tone(8,  NOTE_B3, shortTone);
 delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);
 tone(8,  NOTE_B3, shortTone);
   delay(shortTone);
  noTone(8);
  delay(standardDelay);
tone(8,  NOTE_B3, shortTone);
  delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);
 tone(8,  NOTE_B3, shortTone);
 delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
  delay(standardDelay);
tone(8,  NOTE_B3, longTone);
 delay(longTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);

 tone(8, NOTE_E4, longTone);
 delay(longTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);

 tone(8,  NOTE_B3, shortTone);
 delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);
 tone(8,  NOTE_B3, shortTone);
   delay(shortTone);
  noTone(8);
  delay(standardDelay);
tone(8,  NOTE_B3, shortTone);
  delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);
 tone(8,  NOTE_B3, shortTone);
 delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
  delay(standardDelay);
tone(8,  NOTE_B3, longTone);
 delay(longTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(delayBetweenBars);

    tone(8,  NOTE_B3, shortTone);
 delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);
 tone(8,NOTE_B3, shortTone);
 delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);
 tone(8,  NOTE_B3, shortTone);
 delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);
 tone(8,  NOTE_B3, shortTone);
   delay(shortTone);
  noTone(8);
  delay(standardDelay);
tone(8,  NOTE_B3, shortTone);
  delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);
 tone(8,  NOTE_B3, shortTone);
 delay(shortTone);
 noTone(8);
  delay(standardDelay);
tone(8,  NOTE_B3, longTone);
 delay(longTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);

tone(8, NOTE_E4, longTone);
 delay(longTone);
 noTone(8);
 delay(standardDelay);


}